Mobile cameras as new technologies of surveillance? How citizens experience the use of mobile cameras in public nightscapes.

In Surveillance Studies the terms ‘sousveillance’ and ‘inverse surveillance’ describe forms of surveillance that have a bottom-up and democratic character. However, in this paper this democratic notion is questioned by looking into practices and experiences with both Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and mobile cameras by Dutch citizens. By intervening in the nightlife district of the\ud Rotterdam1 city centre, data has been gathered on both mobile- and CCTV camera confrontations. From this, an exploration is made into how mobile cameras are experienced in the nightlife landscape. Comparing these experiences with CCTV provides insight into new surveillance issues that emerge due to the mobile camera. The perspective of analyzing surveillance technologies as hybrid collectives that may take different shapes in different places, allows for a contribution that attempts to improve our understanding of the current changes in the surveillance technology landscap

From Population Control Politics to Chemicals: The WHO as an Intermediary Organization in Contraceptive Development

Studies of laboratory work have rarely focused on the role of intermediary organizations in developing R&D activities. Most studies focus on a single university-based research laboratory or an industrial R&D unit. Moreover, the rejection by social constructivist scholars of universalistic, deterministic explanations of the development of science and technology has led to an overemphasis on the local features of scientific and technological work. Based on a case study of the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in contraceptive R&D, this paper suggests that an analysis of the role of intermediary organizations enables us to go beyond a too-narrow focus on the micro-sociological dynamics of laboratory work, to include the macro-and meso-sociological dimensions of science and technology. First, a focus on intermediary organizations enables us to learn more about the manner in which locally specific laboratory cultures are transformed into translocal research practices. This paper shows how literary technologies, and to an even greater extent material technologies, are important tools in accomplishing standardization of local laboratory cultures. Second, a focus on intermediary organizations enables us to study how concerns that go beyond the laboratory - in this case, population control policies and the agenda of the WHO - help to shape laboratory practices